Abstract—Due to advancement in digitized media and enormous growth in multimedia systems, there was a need of an efficient and robust watermarking technique for digital images that can be used for ownership copyright of multimedia objects, trademarks, finger printing authentication etc. Digital Image watermarking can be done both in spatial domain and frequency domain. In this paper we have implemented watermarking algorithm in frequency domain, i.e. by using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Forward Hadamard Transform (FHT). For that purpose, a watermark image of size 64x64 is embedded in original image of size 512x512 using both methods. The resultant watermarked image is experienced under different types of attacks. Original watermark is recovered by inverse DCT-based and FHT-based watermarking. The visual performance and robustness of both watermarking algorithms is measured in terms of Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). At the end, comparative analysis of both watermarking techniques is made.

Index Terms—Watermarking, DCT, FHT, PSNR, NCC, impercptibility, roboustness.

M. A. Qureshi is Assistant Professor at Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan (e-mail: ali.qureshi@ iub.edu.pk).
A. Aziz Qureshi is Assistant Professor at Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan (e-mail: abdul.aziz@ iub.edu.pk).

Cite: M.Ali Qureshi, Abdul Aziz, Bilal Ahmed, Ayesha Khalid, and Humera Munir, "Comparative Analysis and Implementation of Efficient Digital Image Watermarking Schemes," International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 558-561, 2012.